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2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: a quiz or final exam?

Jiuyang Xu, Yijun Chen, Hao Chen, Bin Cao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 225-228 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0753-1

摘要： The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen and is threatening the global health. Strikingly, more than 28 000 cases and 550 deaths have been reported within two months from disease emergence. Armed with experience from previous epidemics in the last two decades, clinicians, scientists, officials, and citizens in China are all contributing to the prevention of further 2019-nCoV transmission. Efficient preliminary work has enabled us to understand the basic characteristics of 2019-nCoV, but there are still many unanswered questions. It is too early now to judge our performance in this outbreak. Continuous and strengthened efforts should be made not only during the epidemic, but also afterwards in order to prepare for any incoming challenges.

关键词： 2019-nCoV     novel coronavirus     epidemic     public response    

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Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan

Li Ni, Ling Zhou, Min Zhou, Jianping Zhao, Dao Wen Wang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 210-214 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0757-x

摘要： In December 2019, an outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. By February 14, 2020, it has led to 66 492 confirmed patients in China and high mortality up to ~2.96% (1123/37 914) in Wuhan. Here we report the first family case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed in Wuhan and treated using the combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine Shuanghuanglian oral liquid (SHL). This report describes the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of three cases from a family, suggests the expected therapeutic effects of SHL on COVID-19, and warrants further clinical trials.

关键词： novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)     COVID-19     Chinese traditional patent medicine     Shuanghuanglian oral liquid    

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China’s local governments are combating COVID-19 with unprecedented responses – from a Wenzhou governance perspective

Fanghua Gong, Yong Xiong, Jian Xiao, Li Lin, Xiaodong Liu, Dezhong Wang, Xiaokun Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 220-224 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0755-z

摘要： The COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of coronavirus has been spreading rapidly since its onset in Wuhan, the capital city of central China’s Hubei Province, in December 2019. It is highly communicable through human-to-human transmission. China has been making unprecedented efforts in treating the confirmed cases, identifying and isolating their close contacts and suspected cases to control the source of infection and cut the route of transmission. China’s devotion in handling this epidemic has effectively and efficiently curbed communication domestically and across the border. Representative measures adopted by Wenzhou, the worst hit city out of Hubei Province, are examined to elucidate those massive undertakings with the aim of enhancing international understanding and building global rapport in fighting this evolving epidemic situation.

关键词： COVID-19     novel coronavirus pneumonia     2019-nCoV     epidemic management    

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Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 229-231 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0765-x

摘要： The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People’s Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients at the epicenter of the outbreak, Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world.

关键词： healthcare personnel     COVID-19     infectious diseases    

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on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV-nCoV infection

Xin Zou, Ke Chen, Jiawei Zou, Peiyi Han, Jie Hao, Zeguang Han

《医学前沿（英文）》   页码 185-192 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0754-0

摘要：

It has been known that, the novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, which is considered similar to SARS-CoV and originated from Wuhan (China), invades human cells via the receptor angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2). Moreover, lung cells that have ACE2 expression may be the main target cells during 2019-nCoV infection. However, some patients also exhibit non-respiratory symptoms, such as kidney failure, implying that 2019-nCoV could also invade other organs. To construct a risk map of different human organs, we analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets derived from major human physiological systems, including the respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, and urinary systems. Through scRNA-seq data analyses, we identified the organs at risk, such as lung, heart, esophagus, kidney, bladder, and ileum, and located specific cell types (i.e., type II alveolar cells (AT2), myocardial cells, proximal tubule cells of the kidney, ileum and esophagus epithelial cells, and bladder urothelial cells), which are vulnerable to 2019-nCoV infection. Based on the findings, we constructed a risk map indicating the vulnerability of different organs to 2019-nCoV infection. This study may provide potential clues for further investigation of the pathogenesis and route of 2019-nCoV infection.

关键词： 2019-nCoV     ACE2     single-cell RNA-seq    

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新冠病毒肺炎临床试验核心指标集（COS-COVID） Article

金鑫瑶, 庞博, 张俊华, 刘清泉, 杨忠奇, 封继宏, 刘学政, 张磊, 王保和, 黄宇虹, Alice Josephine Fauci, 马玉玲, Myeong Soo Lee, 元唯安, 谢雁鸣, 唐健元, 高蕊, 杜亮, 张硕, 祁寒梅, 孙宇, 郑文科, 杨丰文, 蔡慧姿, 王可仪, 欧益, 黄明, 朱彦, 喻佳洁, 田金徽, 赵敏, 胡镜清, 姚晨, 李幼平, 张伯礼

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第10期   页码 1147-1152 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.002

摘要：

自2019年12月新型冠状病毒肺炎（Coronavirus Disease 2019, COVID-19）暴发以来，已有大量相关临床研究完成注册或已启动。

关键词： 核心指标集     COVID-19     2019-nCoV     冠状病毒疾病     临床试验    

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Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1041-7

摘要： The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has triggered a huge impact on healthcare, socioeconomics, and other aspects of the world over the past three years. An increasing number of studies have identified a complex relationship between COVID-19 and stroke, although active measures are being implemented to prevent disease transmission. Severe COVID-19 may be associated with an increased risk of stroke and increase the rates of disability and mortality, posing a serious challenge to acute stroke diagnosis, treatment, and care. This review aims to provide an update on the influence of COVID-19 itself or vaccines on stroke, including arterial stroke (ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke) and venous stroke (cerebral venous thrombosis). Additionally, the neurovascular mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and the clinical characteristics of stroke in the COVID-19 setting are presented. Evidence on vaccinations, potential therapeutic approaches, and effective strategies for stroke management has been highlighted.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2     ischemic stroke     stroke     hemorrhagic stroke     cerebral venous thrombosis     vaccination    

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update

Min Zhou, Xinxin Zhang, Jieming Qu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 126-135 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0767-8

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global health. It caused a total of 80 868 confirmed cases and 3101 deaths in Chinese mainland until March 8, 2020. This novel virus spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. As disease progressed, a series of complications tend to develop, especially in critically ill patients. Pathological findings showed representative features of acute respiratory distress syndrome and involvement of multiple organs. Apart from supportive care, no specific treatment has been established for COVID-19. The efficacy of some promising antivirals, convalescent plasma transfusion, and tocilizumab needs to be investigated by ongoing clinical trials.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     epidemiology     pathology     radiology     clinical characteristics     treatment    

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia

Sarah H. Alfaraj, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Talal A. Altuwaijri, Ziad A. Memish

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 126-130 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0603-y

摘要： Infection with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012 as an important respiratory disease with high fatality rates of 40%–60%. Despite the increased number of cases over subsequent years, the number of pediatric cases remained low. A review of studies conducted from June 2012 to April 19, 2016 reported 31 pediatric MERS-CoV cases. In this paper, we present the clinical and laboratory features of seven patients with pediatric MERS. Five patients had no underlying medical illnesses, and three patients were asymptomatic. Of the seven cases, four (57%) patients sought medical advice within 1–7 days from the onset of symptoms. The three other patients (43%) were asymptomatic and were in contact with patients with confirmed diagnosis of MERS-CoV. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (57%), cough (14%), shortness of breath (14%), vomiting (28%), and diarrhea (28%). Two (28.6%) patients had platelet counts of<150 × 10 /L, and one patient had an underlying end-stage renal disease. The remaining patients presented with normal blood count, liver function, and urea and creatinine levels. The documented MERS-CoV Ct values were 32–38 for four of the seven cases. Two patients (28.6%) had abnormal chest radiographic findings of bilateral infiltration. One patient (14.3%) required ventilator support, and two patients (28.6%) required oxygen supplementation. All the seven patients were discharged without complications.

关键词： Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus     MERS-CoV     pregnancy     pediatrics    

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Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19

Wei Liu, Jing Wang, Wenbin Li, Zhaoxian Zhou, Siying Liu, Zhihui Rong

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第2期   页码 193-198 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0772-y

摘要： The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of neonates born to SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and increase the current knowledge on the perinatal consequences of COVID-19. Nineteen neonates were admitted to Tongji Hospital from January 31 to February 29, 2020. Their mothers were clinically diagnosed or laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19. We prospectively collected and analyzed data of mothers and infants. There are 19 neonates included in the research. Among them, 10 mothers were confirmed COVID-19 by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, and 9 mothers were clinically diagnosed with COVID-19. Delivery occurred in an isolation room and neonates were immediately separated from the mothers and isolated for at least 14 days. No fetal distress was found. Gestational age of the neonates was 38.6±1.5 weeks, and average birth weight was 3293±425 g. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in throat swab, urine, and feces of all neonates were negative. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in breast milk and amniotic fluid was negative too. None of the neonates developed clinical, radiologic, hematologic, or biochemical evidence of COVID-19. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and no perinatal complications in the third trimester were found in our study. The delivery should occur in isolation and neonates should be separated from the infected mothers and care givers.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus     maternal-infant infection     newborn    

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利用深度学习系统筛查新冠病毒肺炎 Article

徐小微, 蒋贤高, 马春莲, 杜鹏, 李旭坤, 吕双志, 俞亮, 倪勤, 陈燕飞, 苏俊威, 郎观晶, 李永涛, 赵宏, 刘俊, 徐凯进, 阮凌翔, 盛吉芳, 裘云庆, 吴炜, 梁廷波, 李兰娟

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第10期   页码 1122-1129 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.04.010

摘要：

实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测早期新冠病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者的痰液或鼻咽拭子中的病毒RNA阳性率较低。同时，COVID-19的计算机断层扫描（CT）影像学的临床表现有其自身的特点，不同于甲型流感病毒性肺炎（IAVP）等其他类型的病毒性肺炎。本研究旨在应用深度学习技术，建立COVID-19、IAVP及健康人群肺部CT的早期筛查模型。本研究共采集618份CT样本，其中219份样本来自110例COVID-19患者（平均年龄50岁，其中男性63例，占57.3%），224份样本来自224例IAVP患者（平均年龄61岁，其中男性156例，占69.6%），175份样本来自健康人群（平均年龄39岁，其中男性97例，占55.4%）。所有CT样本均来自浙江省三家COVID-19定点收治医院。我们首先利用胸部CT图像集的三维（3D）深度学习模型分割出候选感染区域，然后利用位置敏感机制深度学习网络将这些分离的图像归类为COVID-19、IAVP以及与感染无关（ITI）的图像，并且输出相应置信度得分。最后，用Noisy-OR贝叶斯函数计算每份CT病例的感染类型及总置信度。测试数据集的实验结果表明，从整体CT病例来看，本研究利用深度学习系统建立的COVID-19患者的早期筛查模型的总体准确率为86.7%。该模型有望成为一线临床医生诊断COVID-19的一种有效的辅助方法。

关键词： COVID-19     位置敏感机制深度学习网络     计算机断层扫描    

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 111-119 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0446-y

摘要：

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 brought back memories of the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002. More than 1500 MERS-CoV cases were recorded in 42 months with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 40%. Meanwhile, 8000 cases of SARS-CoV were confirmed in six months with a CFR of 10%. The clinical presentation of MERS-CoV ranges from mild and non-specific presentation to progressive and severe pneumonia. No predictive signs or symptoms exist to differentiate MERS-CoV from community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients. An apparent heterogeneity was observed in transmission. Most MERS-CoV cases were secondary to large outbreaks in healthcare settings. These cases were secondary to community-acquired cases, which may also cause family outbreaks. Travel-associated MERS infection remains low. However, the virus exhibited a clear tendency to cause large outbreaks outside the Arabian Peninsula as exemplified by the outbreak in the Republic of Korea. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about MERS-CoV and highlight travel-related issues.

关键词： coronavirus     MERS     Middle East respiratory syndrome    

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 120-136 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0430-6

摘要：

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus was first identified in 2012 and has since then remained uncontrolled. Cases have been mostly reported in the Middle East, however travel-associated cases and outbreaks have also occurred. Nosocomial and zoonotic transmission of the virus appear to be the most important routes. The infection is severe and highly fatal thus necessitating rapid and efficacious interventions. Here, we performed a comprehensive review of published literature and summarized the epidemiology of the virus. In addition, we summarized the virological aspects of the infection and reviewed the animal models used as well as vaccination and antiviral tested against it.

关键词： MERS     coronavirus     review    

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Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 776-785 doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0820-7

摘要： Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread around the world. However, approaches to distinguish COVID-19 from pneumonia caused by other pathogens have not yet been reported. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 97 children with probable COVID-19. A total of 13 (13.4%) patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by nucleic acid RT-PCR testing, and 41 (42.3%) patients were found to be infected with other pathogens. Notably, no pathogen was detected in 43 (44.3%) patients. Among all patients, 25 (25.8%) had familial cluster exposure history, and 52 (53.6%) had one or more coexisting conditions. Fifteen (15.5%) patients were admitted or transferred to the PICU. In the 11 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 5 (45.5%) and 7 (63.6%) were positive for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2, respectively. In 22 patients with suspected COVID-19, 1 (4.5%) was positive for IgG but negative for IgM. The most frequently detected pathogen was (29, 29.9%). One patient with confirmed COVID 19 died. Our results strongly indicated that the detection of asymptomatic COVID 19 or coexisting conditions must be strengthened in pediatric patients. These cases may be difficult to diagnose as COVID-19 unless etiologic analysis is conducted. A serologic test can be a useful adjunctive diagnostic tool in cases where SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly suspected but the nucleic acid test is negative.

关键词： coronavirus disease 2019     pediatrics     emergency     retrospective investigation     severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2    

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间充质干细胞——新冠病毒肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征潜在的治疗选择

赵璇, 张毅

《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第10期   页码 1073-1075 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.015

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: a quiz or final exam?

Jiuyang Xu, Yijun Chen, Hao Chen, Bin Cao

期刊论文

Combination of western medicine and Chinese traditional patent medicine in treating a family case of COVID-19 in Wuhan

Li Ni, Ling Zhou, Min Zhou, Jianping Zhao, Dao Wen Wang

期刊论文

China’s local governments are combating COVID-19 with unprecedented responses – from a Wenzhou governance perspective

Fanghua Gong, Yong Xiong, Jian Xiao, Li Lin, Xiaodong Liu, Dezhong Wang, Xiaokun Li

期刊论文

Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions

Zhiruo Zhang, Shelan Liu, Mi Xiang, Shijian Li, Dahai Zhao, Chaolin Huang, Saijuan Chen

期刊论文

on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-nCoV-nCoV infection

Xin Zou, Ke Chen, Jiawei Zou, Peiyi Han, Jie Hao, Zeguang Han

期刊论文

新冠病毒肺炎临床试验核心指标集（COS-COVID）

金鑫瑶, 庞博, 张俊华, 刘清泉, 杨忠奇, 封继宏, 刘学政, 张磊, 王保和, 黄宇虹, Alice Josephine Fauci, 马玉玲, Myeong Soo Lee, 元唯安, 谢雁鸣, 唐健元, 高蕊, 杜亮, 张硕, 祁寒梅, 孙宇, 郑文科, 杨丰文, 蔡慧姿, 王可仪, 欧益, 黄明, 朱彦, 喻佳洁, 田金徽, 赵敏, 胡镜清, 姚晨, 李幼平, 张伯礼

期刊论文

Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of coronavirus disease 2019-associated stroke

期刊论文

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical update

Min Zhou, Xinxin Zhang, Jieming Qu

期刊论文

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pediatrics: a report of seven cases from Saudi Arabia

Sarah H. Alfaraj, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, Talal A. Altuwaijri, Ziad A. Memish

期刊论文

Clinical characteristics of 19 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19

Wei Liu, Jing Wang, Wenbin Li, Zhaoxian Zhou, Siying Liu, Zhihui Rong

期刊论文

利用深度学习系统筛查新冠病毒肺炎

徐小微, 蒋贤高, 马春莲, 杜鹏, 李旭坤, 吕双志, 俞亮, 倪勤, 陈燕飞, 苏俊威, 郎观晶, 李永涛, 赵宏, 刘俊, 徐凯进, 阮凌翔, 盛吉芳, 裘云庆, 吴炜, 梁廷波, 李兰娟

期刊论文

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: current situation and travel-associated concerns

null

期刊论文

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review

null

期刊论文

Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19

Xiaofang Cai, Hanlan Jiang, Simin Zhang, Shengying Xia, Wenhui Du, Yaoling Ma, Tao Yu, Wenbin Li

期刊论文

间充质干细胞——新冠病毒肺炎相关急性呼吸窘迫综合征潜在的治疗选择

赵璇, 张毅

期刊论文